If there were ever words of prophetic irony, those spoken by Caiaphas are the definitive ones.
47 So the chief priests and the Pharisees gathered the Council and said, “What are we to do? For this man performs many signs. 48 If we let him go on like this, everyone will believe in him, and the Romans will come and take away both our place and our nation.”49 But one of them, Caiaphas, who was high priest that year, said to them, “You know nothing at all. 50 Nor do you understand that it is better for you that one man should die for the people, not that the whole nation should perish.” 51 He did not say this of his own accord, but being high priest that year he prophesied that Jesus would die for the nation, 52 and not for the nation only, but also to gather into one the children of God who are scattered abroad. 53 So from that day on they made plans to put him to death.
As the religious leadership of Israel is deeply concerned about the growing support for Jesus, they meet together to discuss what to do. From our perspective we might say, “Why not just believe him?…look at what he is doing.” They obviously know what he is doing…that’s pretty clear in verse 47. But their concern is apparently that the Romans would not like this new religious group and the possible conflict of another religious sect in Judea. When you look at Israel’s history from the Maccabean period onward, there is little to be excited about. A simple article to note is this one from aish.com about conflicts within Judaism and how they ultimately INVITED Rome to mediate their dispute. From aish.com:
During Herod’s reign…The general Roman attitude was one of tolerance, meaning Jews were granted exemptions from the official Roman state religion. A very interesting point to remember is that religion and state went together in all empires in the ancient world, and more so in Rome than almost anywhere because Rome also practiced emperor worship — that is, the Romans deified their emperors posthumously.
Linking state and religion gave the rulers added legitimacy, obviously. The connection between temporal power and spiritual power gave them complete control over the physical existence and spiritual existence of their subjects.
But this low key approach only worked as long as the factions within Judaism could get along enough for internal stability (and collecting taxes!) So this was the internal conflict at the time of Jesus:
The Jewish reaction to the presence of the Romans – who were dominating the Holy Land and worshipping idols – had many faces.
- Hellenized and assimilated Jews. They welcomed the Roman presence and profited by it. They were angry with other Jews who resisted Roman domination.
- The Sadducees. For the most part, these were wealthy Jews who denied the Divine origin of the Oral Law. They dominated (and corrupted) the Temple hierarchy, and were willing to cooperate with the Romans to keep their power base. They saw other Jewish factions as troublemakers.
- The Pharisees. These were mainstream Jews who wanted nothing to do with the Romans, but they were pragmatic. They wanted Judaism to survive and short of giving up their religious principles were willing to make the best of the Roman domination. They disapproved of the other Jewish factions – those that tried to curry favor with the Romans and those that advocated open rebellion.
- The Zealots. They were comprised of several different groups of nationalistic extremists. Amongst the zealots was a group called the Sicarii (meaning "dagger") who derived their name from the concealed daggers they carried that were used to murder their political opponents. They were incensed at the Roman presence and were angry with other Jews whom they saw as actively or tacitly cooperating with the Romans.
- The Biryonim. This was the criminal element often masquerading under the guise of nationalism. They sided with the Zealots.
- Splinter sects. These religious groups (such as the Essenes) held extreme views and opposed both the Sadducees and the Pharisees. For example, the Dead Sea Sect (famed for the Dead Sea Scrolls) expected the world to end shortly and went off to live in the desert to escape the depravity and corruption of city life and to prepare for the End of Days.
Jewish sources list 24 separate factions. Their conflicting views were a symptom of a disease afflicting the Jewish people at this time. The rabbis call this disease sinat chinam — "senseless hatred" of one Jew for another Jew.
It was the hope of Caiaphas, that the death of Jesus would be a rallying point for the nation…something upon which the Sadducees, Pharisees and Herodians could agree. What they did not realize is that the Lord had a plan in the death of Jesus that would literally save Israel in ways they could not imagine. In Christ, there was a recentering of the worship of the Lord from an ethnic heritage emphasis to a Christ-centered worship. (Not that the Jews liked that, but the worship of YAHWEH escalated exponetially.) In Christ, people were set free from sin, instead of the Romans. In Christ, people received eternal life. So Jesus died for the nation so that the nation would not perish, but have eternal life. Sadly in history, the physical nation lasted only 40 more years, and when the Jews sought independance in AD 66 , the Romans responded by leveling Jerusalem.
What do we grab out of this? That God has a plan…and can even use the actions of the ungodly and rebellious to accomplish it. Not that we are to oppose the Lord…rather we are inspired to follow Him all the more, seeing his sovereign control and abiding love for his people, sinful though they be.